Highlands Songbook
The UkeQUESTors Main Page
The largest number of song sheets on this page were
the work
of our friend
and former leader, Keith Fukumitsu.
Thanks Keith!
St. Patrick's Day Ukulele Limerick for
You
by Deb Fitzloff, March 17, 2021
There once was a musical group
Who played near and far on a uke.
But now from their rooms
Each of them zooms
Unless someone doesn't unmute!
Updated as of March 11, 2023
Highlands Songbook_2023 - Display Version
Highlands Songbook_2023 - Print Version
44 Songs – 122 Pages
Note that performances of many of these
songs are of slightly different versions that have evolved over the years,
a
common occurrence in folk music.
I've tried to put the version closest to the posted lyrics at the top of the
YouTube listings.
I've found some kind of
Sheet Music.zip
(March 12th) for many of the songs that are in the public domain
(some are of poor quality).
No sheet music will be posted for songs that are under copyright.
===========================
2023
March 11
Additional song sheets for this theme:
The Songbooks have also been updated (links above). The first new page in the Display Edition is page 109; for the Print Edition, p. 110. Except for the Title Page and Table of Contents (pages 1-2), the Songbook is otherwise unchanged.
The word processing files for the new songs:
Feb. 24 - 9 am
And here is an additional arrangement by Theresa Miller of "The Parting Glass":
Feb. 24
A songlist for the UkeQuestors' Jam on Sunday, Feb. 26, and for the Senior Center in March, plus some individual songs:
A Celtic Songbook_2023-02-23.pdf
and
Also an update:
Word processing files the playlist:
Word processing files for the songs:
Song Sheet |
YouTube Link |
A Jug of Punch (Traditional) (The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem) First line: "One pleasant evening in the month of June"
Sheet Music: |
A Jug of Punch, The Clancy Brothers & Tommy Makem, "In Person at Carnegie Hall," New York, NY - March 17, 1963 A Jug of Punch, Pete Seeger with Memphis Slim and Willie Dixon, "Pete Seeger at the Village Gate, Vol. 2" |
A Scottish Soldier (Andy Stewart, 1960 to the tune "The Green Hills of Tyrol." First line: "There was a soldier, a Scottish soldier" A "pibroach" is a funeral dirge.
Sheet Music:
|
A Scottish Soldier, Andy Stewart (1960 45 RPM Recording) The Green Hills of Tyrol, - The Pipes of the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards from their album "Auld Lang Syne" |
Black Velvet Band (Traditional) (The Dubliners) Black Velvet Band (The Irish Rovers) First line: "In a neat little town they call Belfast" Note that "Van Dieman's Land" is the former name for Tasmania. See Concerning "Van Dieman's Land".
Sheet Music: |
Black Velvet Band, The Dubliners, "The Definitive Collection" Black Velvet Band, The Irish Rovers, "The Irish Rovers 50 Years - Vol. 1." A slightly different version. |
Come Back, St. Pat by Marion Horgan (in A), a humorous contemporary song from Ireland |
Come Back, St. Pat by Marion Rose Horgan |
Danny Boy (Frederic Weatherly, 1913, to the tune "Londonderry Air") First line: "Oh Danny Boy" Although is frequently printed in four verses, the actual song has only two verses (each 8 lines long). Sinead O'Connor added a third verse to her rendition; other third verses exist according to posts in the Mudcat Cafe and at The Danny Boy Trivia Collection.
Sheet Music: |
Danny Boy, Celtic Woman, Live At Morris Performing Arts Center, South Bend, IN (2013) (Two verses) (55 second introduction) Danny Boy, Dennis Day, one of the finest tenors of his time (1961) (Two verses) Danny Boy, Sinead O'Connor (2009) (Three verses) Danny Boy, Bing Crosby from "Merry Christmas" (1945) (Verse 1, repeating the second half) Danny Boy, Judy Garland (1955) (Verse 1) Londonderry Air (Reprise) (Celtic harp & tin whistle), Claire Hamilton from her album "Northern Ireland" Londonderry Air, Sir James Galway, "In Concert at Armagh Cathedral" |
Dirty Old Town (Ewan MacColl, 1949) It was made popular by the Dubliners and has been recorded by many others. |
Dirty Old Town by The Dubliners from "40 Years Reunion" (Live) Dirty Old Town by The Pogues from "Rum Sodomy & the Lash" (1985) Dirty Old Town by Luke Kelly from "The Best of Luke Kelly" |
Down by the Glenside (Am & Em) an Irish rebel song written at about the time of the 1916 Easter Rising by Peadar Kearney, a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, popularly known as the Fenians, and composer of numerous rebel songs. The song is referring back to the earlier Fenian Rising of 1867. Kearney was the author of "The Soldier's Song" ("Amhrán na bhFiann"), now the Irish National Anthem. |
Down by the Glenside by The Dubliners Down By The Glenside (The Bold Finian Men) by The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makum Down By The Glenside (Those Bold Finnian Men) by The Sons of the Pioneers from the movie "Rio Grande" |
Drunken Sailor (Traditional) (The Irish Rovers) (Am & Em) What Do We Do With a Drunken Sailor - TVUC Songbook #213 (A & D) Also found as "Weigh, Hey, And Up She Rises" |
Drunken Sailor by The Irish Rovers Drunken Sailor by The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makum |
Finnegan's Wake (C & G)
, a comic street song from the 1850s first published in 1864 as "Finigan's
Wake." Finigan's Wake - the sheet music (1864) |
Finnegan's Wake by The Dubliners Finnegan's Wake by The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makum Finnegan's Wake by The Irish Rovers |
Flower Of Scotland (Roy Williamson, mid-1960s) (in C and G) |
Flower of Scotland by The Corries Flower Of Scotland by John McDermott Flower of Scotland by by Tommy Scott Flower of Scotland by Andriëtte Flower Of Scotland by 65,000 fans at Murrayfield on 12th November 2016 for Scotland v. Australia Flower Of Scotland by Phil Coulter (Instrumental) Flower Of Scotland by Amy MacDonald, Live At King Tuts Wah Wah Hut, Glasgow, Nov. 30, 2018 |
Galway Bay (Dr. Arthur Colahan, ca. 1927) (D F) Also available: Featured in the 1952 movie "The Quiet Man," starring John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara, filmed in Ireland. |
Galway Bay by Bing Crosby (1966) Galway Bay by John McDermott Galway Bay by Celtic Woman Galway Bay by Johnny Cash Galway Bay by The Clancy Brothers (comic alt.) |
Galway Girl (Steve Earle, 2000) (C & G) Galway Girl (Steve Earle song), Wikipedia |
Galway Girl by Steve Earle
Same name but a different song:
|
I'll Take You Home, Kathleen (Thomas P. Westendorf, 1875) (C & G) |
I'll Take You Home Again Kathleen by Deanna Durbin I'll Take You Home Again Kathleen by Bing Crosby I'll Take You Home Again Kathleen by Daniel O'Donnell |
I'll
Tell Me Ma (aka "Belle of Belfast City") (Traditional) (D & G) I'll Tell Me Ma, Wikipedia; I’ll Tell Me Ma – all the cities are fighting for her, Irish Music Daily. |
I'll Tell Me Ma by The Dubliners I'll Tell Me Ma by the Clancy Brothers I'll Tell Me Ma by Van Morrison and The Chieftans The Belle of Belfast City by The Irish Rovers The Belle of Belfast City by the Irish Rovers (with lyrics) Tell Me Ma by Gaelic Storm |
I'm Looking Over A Four Leaf Clover (C & G) (Mort Dixon &
Harry Woods, 1927) |
I'm Looking Over A
Four-leaf Clover by The Andrews Sisters (1948) |
Loch Lomond or "The Bonnie Banks o' Loch
Lomond" (Traditional) (C & G) According to historian Murray G. H. Pittock, this is a Jacobite adaptation of an eighteenth-century erotic song. The Jacobites supported the restoration of the House of Stuart to the British Thone in the person of "Bonnie Prince Charlie," that is Charles Edward Stuart, grandson of James II. After the Jacobite rising of 1745 failed at the bloody Battle of Culloden in April, 1746, some of the commoner supporters were hanged, many commoners were deported, and the senior leaders was taken to England, tried for High Treason, and executed as several locations. Wounded soldiers who had fled the battlefield were hunted down and put to death. Several versions of these lyrics exist including verses found by Lady John Scott and Miss F. Mary Colquhoun, plus the poem of Andrew Lang. It has been covered extensively as a pop ballad, rock and roll (Runrig), and jazz. The popular version by The Corries can be found at Ultimate Guitar, Loch Lomond (The Corries). In
Scots, "bonnie" means "pretty", often in reference to a female."Brae" is
a steep hillside or cliff. Sheet
music: |
Loch Lomond by Celtic Woman Loch Lomond by Baldwin-Wallace Men's Chorus. Loch Lomond. Joseph Zeigler, Soloist. Directed by Frank Bianchi Loch Lomond by Only Boys Aloud Academi 2018, Dora Stoutzker Hall, Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama, Cardiff Loch Lomond by the Scantily Plaid Quartet, Concordia College (Moorhead, MN); the young men performed in kilts. The Bonnie Banks O' Loch Lomond by The Corries. |
Maid of Fife-E-O (Traditional) (The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem) (C & G) First line: "There once was a troop of Irish dragoons" Also known as "There once was a troop o' Irish dragoons," "The Maid of Fife," "The Auld Maid of Fife," "The Bonnie Lass o' Fyvie," "Peggy-O", and "Fennario"
Sheet Music: |
The Maid of Fife, The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem from "Recorded Live" The Bonnie Lass of Fyvie, The Irish Rovers, From "The Irish Rovers Gems" The Bonnie Lass o' Fyvie, The Dubliners; an early recording. Maid of Fife-E-O, Sean Sinnott The Bonnie Lass o' Fyvie, The Corries |
Mairi’s Wedding (C G)_Irish Rovers_2023-02-22.pdf Mairi’s Wedding (D E A)_Clancy Brothers & Tommy Makem_2023-02-22.pdf |
Mairi's Wedding by The Irish Rovers |
Mary Mac (Traditional) (also "Mary Mack") (Makem & Clancy) First line: "There's a little lass and her name is Mary Mac"
Sheet Music: |
Mary Mac, The Makem & Clancy Concert (Tommy Makem and Liam Clancy). Lengthy introduction is omitted. Mary Mac, Seamus Kennedy, from "Bar Rooms & Ballads" |
Men of Harlech
(John Guard, published 1900; the version performed by the Royal Regiment of Wales).
First line: "Tongues of fire on Idris flaring"
Sheet Music: |
Men of Harlech by the Royal Regiment of Wales' Band on the 120th anniversary of the battle of Rorke's Drift (January 22, 1879) and recorded in the church at Rorke's Drift.
Men of Harlech
by The Royal Regiment of Wales Men of Harlech, Anonymous Men of Harlech, Bryn Terfel, Orchestra of the Welsh National Opera, from "We'll Keep A Welcome" |
Molly Malone (Traditional) Also known as "Cockles and Mussels" or "In Dublin's Fair City" (The Dubliners) First line: "In Dublin's fair city, where the girls are so pretty,"
Sheet Music: |
Molly Malone, The Dubliners from "Heritage Songs" Molly Malone, The Dubliners from "Dubliners Live" Molly Malone, The Irish Rovers Molly Malone, Sinead O'Connor |
My Wild Irish Rose (Chauncey Olcott, 1899) (Version 2) (C & G)
Sheet music: |
When Irish Eyes Are Smiling by The Irish Tenors (John McDermott, Anthony Kearns and Ronan Tynan) When Irish Eyes Are Smiling by Bing Crosby (1939) |
Nancy Mulligan (Ed Sheeran, 2017) |
Nancy Mulligan by Ed Sheeran (Official Video)
Nancy Mulligan
by Ed Sheeran Video of Nancy Mulligan hearing the song for the first time in an article from the Irish Examiner. |
Pretty Irish Girl (Lawrence Edward Watkin & Oliver Wallace, "Darby O'Gill And The Little People," Disney, 1959) |
Pretty Irish Girl sung by Janet Munro & Sean Connery (45 RPM recording) Pretty Irish Girl sung by Sean Connery & Janet Munro in "Darby O'Gill And The Little People" (1959 Film Clips) |
Scotland The Brave (Cliff Hanley, 1950). The lyrics were written for the singer Robert Wilson, the arrangement was by Marion McClurg. First line: "Hark when the night is falling, Hear! Hear! The pipes are calling." Scottish Gaelic: "Alba an Àigh" (1911)
Sheet Music: |
Scotland The Brave by Robert Wilson from "Robert Wilson: The Hits" Scotland the Brave, 1st Battalion Scots Guards Pipe Band, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland (Instrumental) Scotland the Brave, The Isle of Cumbrae Pipe Band as they march out of Braemar, Scotland (Instrumental) Scotland the Brave. After the finish of the 2019 Dufftown Highland Games in Moray, Scotland, the 11 pipe bands form up and march as one massed group playing 'Scotland the Brave' back through Dufftown to finish at the famous Clock Tower. (Instrumental) |
The Ferryman (Pete St.
John, 1985, from "The Fields of Athenry: Songs of Pete St. John") |
The Ferryman by Padraig Bailey & Pete St. John and The Company with an introduction by Pete St. John The Ferryman by The Dublin City Ramblers from "Pure Irish Pub Songs" The Ferryman by The Dubliners from "Live at Vicar Street: The Dublin Experience" (2006) The Ferryman by The Kilkennys (Live in Chatham, 2016/06/18) |
The
Green Fields of France (also known as "No-Man's Land" or "Willie
McBride") (Eric Bogle, 1976) (G & C).
|
No-Man's Land by Eric Bogle The Green Fields of France by John McDermott (Bogle's favorite cover of his song) The Green Fields of France by The Furey Brothers and David Arthur The Green Fields of France by The Clancy Brothers The Green Fields of France by The High Kings |
The Whistling Gypsy_(Clancy Bros.) (C & G) (Leo Maguire, 1951) (The Clancy Brothers) First line: "A gypsy rover came over the hill." McGuire is quoted as saying that he wrote the song because of a dare he could not compose "an Irish song with a happy ending." This song "borrows strongly" from several traditional Irish folk songs, particularly the "Gypsy Davy" family of songs; see the Child Ballads #200 (reproduced at Wikisource), The Raggle Taggle Gypsy (Child Ballads 200 at Wikipedia), Roud 1, the Ballad Index C200. The earliest text may be "The Gypsy Loddy", published in the Roxburghe Ballads (ca. 1720). There is a strong indication that the Irish folk songs were derived from earlier Scots songs and traditions, namely 'Johnny Faa' (that debate, heated at times, continues). Similar Irish songs have titles such as "The Raggle Taggle Gypsy", "The Raggle Taggle Gypsies", "The Gypsy Laddie", "Nine Yellow Gypsies", "Gypsie Davie" and "Black Jack Davie." See: The Gypsy Laddie, et al, at "Mainly Norfolk: English Folk and Other Good Music" and "Romance And Retribution: 'The Whistling Gypsy Rover,"' at Comparative Video 101, Selected Videos of and Commentary About Some Classic Folk, Roots, and Americana Songs, March 13, 2009.
Sheet Music: |
The Whistling Gypsy, The Clancy Brothers The Gypsy Rover, The Irish Rovers The Whistling Gypsy, Seamus Kennedy, with 30 second introduction The Whistling Gypsy, Joe Lynch (1952) (1st recording) The Whistling Gypsy, Rose Brennan (1953) (won 3rd prize in the "best new song of the year" category) |
The Leprechaun (James
Weston Joyce, 1853) (Dm & Am) Sheet Music:
|
The Leprechaun
by Mary O'Hara from "Songs of Ireland" (1958) The Leprechaun by Alice Castle The Leprechaun by Nora Nadire (Live on April 5th, 2014, Sweeney Recital Hall, Smith College) |
The Orange and
the Green (Anthony Murphy, ca. 1965) (C & G) Sheet Music: The Wearing of the Green (from N Clifford Page, Irish Songs-A Collection of Airs Old and New (1935), pp. 70-71). |
The Orange and the Green by The Irish Rovers |
The Spanish Lady (Traditional - Version 3) (The Dubliners) Also available: First line: "As I came down through Dublin City" A traditional Irish folk song, also found in England. The Bodleian Library has several broadsides of an English ballad with this name, one dating from the 17th Century. Fragmentary or related versions from the US date from 1883. It is #542 in the Roud Folk Song Index and E098 in The Traditional Ballad Index. There's a good article "The Spanish Lady / Dublin City" at Mainly Norfolk: English Folk and Other Good Music. Lyrics and chords are available at the Irish Music Daily, The Spanish Lady. |
The Spanish Lady by The Dubliners from "St. Patrick's Day Celebration" The Spanish Lady by The Dubliners from "Live At Vicar Street: The Dublin Experience" (2006) The Spanish Lady by The Irish Tenors from "The Irish Tenors Live From Dublin" (1998) The Spanish Lady by The Kilkennys from "The Colour of Freedom" (2015) The Spanish Lady by Luke Kelly and the Dubliners (1977) |
The Skye Boat Song_Version 1 (C & G) (Lyrics by Sir Harold Boulder
to a traditional air collected by Anne Campbelle MacLeod, 1884) |
The Skye Boat Song by Celtic Dreams The Skye Boat Song by The Corries
The Skye Boat Song
by The Irish Rovers
The Skye Boat Song
(Choral Version of the theme for "Outlander") (Season 5) |
The Unicorn (Shel Silverstein, 1962) (C) The Unicorn (Version 2 by the Irish Rovers) (C & G) First line: "A long time ago, when the Earth was green" |
The Unicorn Song, Shel Silverstein (1962) The Unicorn Song, The Dubliners The Unicorn Song, The Irish Rovers, "The Ultimate St. Patrick's Day Celebration" |
The Wearing of the Green (Dion Boucicault, 1864; anonymous ballad,
1841) (C & G) Sheet Music: The Wearing of the Green (from N. Clifford Page, Irish Songs-A Collection of Airs Old and New (1935), pp. 70-71). |
The Wearing of the Green, Judy Garland (1940) The Wearing of the Green, The Sheet Music Singer (Fred Feild) The Wearing of the Green, The Wolfe Tones (Alt) |
The Wild Colonial Boy (Traditional) First line: "There was a wild colonial boy" Featured in the 1952 movie "The Quiet Man," starring John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara, filmed in Ireland. The musician playing the Button Accordian in the Pub Scene was Ken Curtis, a member of the Sons of Pioneers, and an actor best known for his role in "Gunsmoke:" Festus! This song is in listed in several ballad indexes including Roud 677. See: The Wild Colonial Boy, Mainly Norfolk: English Folk and Other Good Music.
Sheet Music: |
Wild Colonial Boy, The Clancy Brothers & Tommy Makem (from the Ed Sullivan show appearance) Wild Colonial Boy, The Irish Rovers from "40 Years A-Rovin'" (with lyrics) The Wild Colonial Boy / River Cottage, The Dublin Screen Orchestra conducted by Kenneth Alwyn, from the movie "The Quiet Man" starring John Wayne & Maureen O'Hara, together with Barry Fitzgerald, Arthur Shields, Ward Bond and Victor McLaglen. (1952) Wild Colonial Boy, the Pub scene from "The Quiet Man" (1952) starring John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara. |
The Wild Rover (Traditional) First line: "And it's no, nay, never" In the Roud 1173 index, there are over 200 versions of this song. See: The Wild Rover, Mainly Norfolk: English Folk and Other Good Music. This copy is in one key; I'll get and post the copy that has the key changes in the later verses.
Sheet Music: |
The Wild Rover (No Nay Never), The Dubliners The Wild Rover, The Dubliners from "40 Years A-Rovin'" The Wild Rover, The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem (an early televised performance) The Wild Rover, The Pogues |
There's No One As Irish As Barack O'Bama (Hardy Drew and The Nancy Boys / Corrigan Brothers) (D & G) |
There's No One As Irish As Barack Obama by Hardy Drew and The Nancy Boys (later renamed "The Corrigan Brothers") There's No One As Irish As Barack O'Bama by Corrigan Brothers (E) There’s No One As Irish as Barack O’Bama by Shay Black (E) (Alt. with extra verses) There's No One As Irish As Barack Obama by Na Fianna (Live) (D @ 140) |
Toora Loora Looral
(James Royce Shannon, 1913)
Sheet Music:
|
Too-Ra-Loo-Ra-Loo-Ral (That's An Irish Lullaby), The Irish Tenors from "The Irish Tenors Live From Dublin" (1998). Both verses and chorus. Too-Ra-Loo-Ra-Loo-Ral (That's An Irish Lullaby), Bing Crosby the 1945 re-recording; featured in the movie "Going My Way" (1944) (Chorus & First Verse) Too-Ra-Loo-Ra-Loo-Ral (That's An Irish Lullaby), Dennis Day Too-Ra-Loo-Ra-Loo-Ral (That's An Irish Lullaby), Chauncey Olcott (1913), Original hit recording. |
When Irish Eyes Are Smiling (Chauncey Olcott, Ernest Ball & George Graff, 1912) (C & G), plus this second version: First line: "There's a tear in your eye, and I'm wondering why" Plus a copy in G:
Sheet
Music:
When Irish Eyes Are Smiling-Original Sheet Music with Chords.pdf
When Irish Eyes Are Smiling (Public Domain Song Anthology) |
When Irish Eyes Are Smiling, The Irish Tenors (John McDermott, Anthony Kearns and Ronan Tynan) When Irish Eyes Are Smiling, Dennis Day from "Irish Legend Essentials" When Irish Eyes Are Smiling, Bing Crosby; Bing only sings verses 1 & 2, repeating verse 2. |
Whiskey in the Jar (Traditional) First line: "As I was goin' over the far famed Kerry Mountains" Also found under the title "Gilgarry Mountain," "Darlin' Sportin' Jenny," and variants. Clapping in the chorus:
Contrary to common belief, The Clancy Brothers never recorded the song. The confusion stems from the album "Irish Drinking Songs," which is composed of separate tracks by The Dubliners and The Clancy Brothers, with The Dubliners performing "Whiskey in the Jar" and the Clancy Brothers singing "Whiskey, You're The Devil", in which the line "There's whiskey in the jar" occurs several times.
Sheet Music: |
Whiskey in the Jar, The Dubliners (1960s) Whiskey in the Jar, The Irish Rovers from "The Irish Rovers 50 Years - Vol. 2" (with lyrics) (1960s) Whiskey in the Jar, The Highwaymen (the original 1950s group of Dave Fisher, Bob Burnett, Steve Trott, Chan Daniels, Steve Butts, not the later country quartet) from their LP "Encore" (1962) Whiskey In The Jar, Luke Kelly (live) Whiskey in the Jar, Metallica (1998) (Grammy for Best Hard Rock Performance) Whiskey in the Jar, Thin Lizzy (1973) |
Who Threw The Overalls In Mrs. Murphy's Chowder (George L. Giefer, 1898) |
Who Threw The Overalls In Mrs. Murphy's Chowder - Original Recording by Edward M. Favor (1901) Who Threw The Overalls In Mrs. Murphy's Chowder by Bing Crosby |
Some Sources for Irish Music:
Lesley Nelson-Burns' The Contemplator's Folk Music Site.
Folk and Traditional Music and Popular Songs, with Lyrics, Midi, Tune Information and History behind the folksongs and ballads. Irish, British and American Folk Music including Francis J. Child Ballads and Sea Shanties.
Irish Songs & Irish Song Lyrics
Irish Songs, Music, Lyrics & Midis, Ireland Information.com
Henrik Norbeck's Lyrics for Irish Songs
Irish Folk Songs, Irish Folk Songs.com
The Dubliner's Songs, Irish Folk Songs.com
The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem Songs, Irish Folk Songs.com
The Irish Rovers Songs, Irish Folk Songs.com
Concerning "Van Dieman's Land"
Van Diemen's Land was the original name used by Europeans for the island of Tasmania, located 150 miles south of the continent of Australia. The name was changed from Van Diemen's Land to Tasmania in 1856. Tasmania joined with the five crown colonies on the Australian continent to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. Tasmania was first sighted by a European, Abel Tasman, in 1642. It was named for Anthony van Diemen, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, who had sent Tasman on his voyage of discovery.
The island is believed to have been occupied by indigenous peoples about 40,000 years ago and was adjoined to the mainland of Australia until the end of the last glacial period about 8,000 years ago when rising sea levels created what is now termed the Bass Strait. The Aboriginal population is estimated to have been between 3,000 and as many as 10,000 at the time of colonization in 1803, organized into nine major nations or ethnic groups, but was almost wiped out within 30 years by a combination of violent guerrilla conflict with settlers known as the "Black War", intertribal conflict, and the spread of infectious diseases to which they had no immunity.
Sealers and whalers based themselves on Tasmania's islands from 1798. The island was permanently settled by the English in 1803 as a penal settlement of the British Empire; several convict-based settlements were established, including the particularly harsh penal colonies at Port Arthur and Macquarie Harbor. Between 73,000 and 75,000 convicts were sent to Van Diemen's Land before transportation ceased in 1853.
British convicts were initially transported to the West Indies and the American continent beginning in the early 1600s, but that ceased with the start of the American Revolutionary War in 1776. These convicts were mostly convicted of non-violent property crimes since those convicted of more serious crimes were usually executed; many were also sold as "indentured servants." Estimates range from 50,000 to 120,000 convicts, social undesirables, and political prisoners were transported.
England then began sending convicts to Australia. The first fleet of 11 ships arrived in Botany Bay (Port Jackson/Sydney) in 1788. Other convicts were shipped to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) in 1803, Queensland (Brisbane) from 1824 to 1839, Western Australia (King George III Sound, present-day Albany) from 1850, and several other sites. Public protests caused this practice to end in 1868 by which time about 162,000 convicts had been transported. One in seven were women; children were also transported to penal colonies.
Note that the sources differ on the numbers of people affected by Transportation to the Americas and Australia, and also on some geologic dates.
Sources:
Van Diemen's Land, Wikipedia
Bass Strait, Wikipedia
Colony of Tasmania, Wikipedia
Tasmania, Wikipedia
Australia, Wikipedia
Matt Novak, "Britain Sent Thousands of Its Convicts to America, Not Just Australia," Gizmodo.com (May 29, 2015)
Penal colony, Wikipedia
Penal transportation, Wikipedia
Convicts in Australia, Wikipedia
List of Australian penal colonies, Wikipedia
The 19 Crimes, 19Crimes.com (A listing of the 19 crimes that could result in Transportation)
Botany Bay, Wikipedia
Queensland, Wikipedia
Western Australia, Wikipedia
King George Sound (Western Australia), Wikipedia
This Day in History: January 26, 1788 - First Australian penal colony established, History.com
Hamish Maxwell-Stewart and Deborah Oxley, Convicts and the Colonisation of Australia, 1788-1868, Digital Panopticon
Brian Fallon, "Life and Death in Van Diemen's Land," The Irish Times (Sat, Nov 2, 1996)
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